September 25, 2010, Earth in the city of Shanghai World Expo Theme Pavilion, people are feeling low-carbon life "visual dream."张延林 photo
In the past year, "low-carbon city" in China, the 4 words faster than the warming of global warming. In this year's "two sessions", it is an exclusive 10% of the proposals; typing the search engine it will be time of 0.004 seconds to pop out of 36 million search results.
According to incomplete statistics, China currently has at least 100 cities proposed to create "low-carbon city" slogan, not a province of absence. The latest member is the capital of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, plans to become a solar-based applications, "Sun City."
But the National Development and Reform Commission, Energy Research Institute researcher Jiang says in an exclusive interview with China Youth Daily, said: "China does not have a real low-carbon city."
In the November 29 opening of the annual United Nations climate change summit in Cancun, his term as the Chinese government delegation has a clear mandate to participate actively in the "low-carbon city" as the theme of the side will, with the delegates "to learn and exchange experiences . " However, he admitted, will not be keynote speakers at the side.
Perhaps before the Copenhagen political risk, after Copenhagen had the opportunity to become political
Not only in the number of low-carbon cities across the Chinese territory, the choice of development path is also quite diverse. Baoding in Hebei Province, the whole body is covered with solar PV panels in the "Power Valley House," has become a new landmark in this historic city; Shandong Texas "Sun City" fame is like a buck like the "Texas braised chicken" trend, solar stand in the streets lights; selection and the Shenzhen Municipal Government Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to build, so that the city had "low-carbon eco-demonstration city" emboldened; in Jiande City, Zhejiang Province, an elimination of external air conditioning unit mobilization of the entire city is a vigorous manner.
In Jiang says, these warm and should be encouraged, but "real" is difficult.
Recognized as the industry standard low-carbon city will be the construction, transportation and industrial sources of these three carbon emissions carbon planning in urban planning of the overall operation and make the city's carbon emissions have decreased Significantly.
This concept began in earnest in Livingston, the former mayor of London, published in 2007, the carbon reduction plan "actions today, waiting for the future." In the program book, Livingston will be targeted to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide in London in 2025 dropped to 60% of 1990 levels. Copenhagen in Denmark called "low-carbon city" model. From 1995 to 2005, with 120 million people in this city will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20%.
In China, a city not only not had the history can be quantified emission reduction, also appeared in many strange low carbon status of the city. Some "new ones old bottle wine" to low-carbon development in the name of the real property line; there is "not low-end low-carbon", some under the banner of the name of the new low-carbon energy industry park, still in the low-end processing Equipment manufacturing link; there's "posing", "burning high-carbon coal, the production of low-carbon energy-saving lamps."
"Even the image of engineering, not stronger than, at least, that attaches to this image of it!" Sustainable Development Research Center of Chinese Academy of Social Zhuang Guiyang that the Deputy Secretary-General. In his view, the concept of low-carbon can be widely accepted by the city itself is not easy.
A few years ago, his research institutions have a low carbon city development projects for cooperation, and contact with relevant departments of various provinces and cities, but most responsible people to "do not know the State's attitude in the climate negotiations" on the grounds cooperation declined the invitation.
Held in Copenhagen last year's global climate conference in a watershed. The full name of the conference is "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change," 15th meeting of the Parties. The Mexican resort of Cancun in the climate conference, the 16th Meeting of the Parties.
In Copenhagen, the Chinese Government's commitment to the unit of GDP by 2020, carbon intensity by 40% to 45%. Zhuang Guiyang, said less than a year later, there are over 100 Chinese cities made it clear that carbon is willing to "marriage."
"Maybe before the Copenhagen meeting is still political risk, after the Copenhagen meeting as a political opportunity." He analyzes Road.
As early as 2002, China People's University School of Environment Task Force where doctoral Ke with the National Development and Reform Commission, the British Embassy co-hosted a climate change strategy capacity-building projects, inviting officials from all provinces to Beijing to attend the SDRC discussion.
According to Wang Ke memories, the participants of the local-level officials, not directly leave, that is, the seminar dealing with official business, or simply questioned: "This course has anything to do with us, how not to look to weather bureau?"
After a lapse of 8 years, the project started again, significantly changed the types of treatment. Within six months, the seminar has been held in Beijing and Suzhou, two, invited nearly all the 40 Local Development and Reform Commission officials to attend the meeting, but also brought problems and thinking, just free seminar lasted for a morning.
To do basic work, than the "seven gods" God harder it?
The face of this new trend, last year the "two sessions" period, the National Development and Reform Commission has drafted a Climate Division, "Guidance on the development of low-carbon economy." Responsible person does not mince words the purpose of this opinion: "low-carbon heat to cool, and now have different opinions, the lack of uniform guidance document."
Today, this advice has not issued and replaced on August 10 announced "to carry out low-carbon and low-carbon city pilot provinces in the notice." Notice, the National Development and Reform Commission into the pilot's five provinces and eight cities clearly put forward five specific tasks, one of which is "clearly in the region of action to control greenhouse gas emissions targets and concrete measures."
A source told reporters that this is precisely a reflection of the difficulties of building a low carbon city: Local Development and Reform Commission did not experience the views put hopes to learn from the Central; National Development and Reform Commission also has no experience, hopes notification landing to view local pilot.
"Low-carbon city fired so hot, in fact, a shooting work is not started, still in the exploratory stage." Ke of road.
It is reported that the carbon emission targets into the "Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Five-Year Plan" have been identified. Means of implementation may be based on province-level leaders signed the "military order" basis, which as a rigid target binding, broken down to regions.
According to Wang Ke recalled that in June this year a seminar on local officials to the National Development and Reform Commission researchers frequently ask questions. Their problems mainly involve three aspects: first, the city's carbon emissions based on statistics and detection methods; Second, the allocation of central and local financial input; third, whether there is to learn the actual cases.
School of Architecture at Tsinghua University, Professor Gu Zhaolin, these are low-carbon cities of the process of building the most basic work, like "find out the real situation before doing business, considered a good account" the same.
In fact, our list of provincial and municipal levels of carbon emissions a long blank. Eight pilot cities in five provinces, has not submitted any specific plans. As to whether the financial investment, "National Economic and Social Development Five-Year Plan" emission reduction mandate of the central government invested 200 billion yuan in line, has not been determined.
"Prepare the ground work, than the" seven gods "God's harder to do?" GU Chao asked.
Some of the city's planning team will also "low carbon" simply understood as energy conservation, and even copied the program is also part of the "Eleventh Five-Year" in the energy-saving plan.
However, similar to the elimination of backward production capacity by a large number of ways but the potential of emission reduction is not significant. Only in the "Eleventh Five-Year" last year, the provincial total elimination of small thermal power units has more than 10 million kilowatts, the size exceeds the installed capacity of thermal power throughout the United Kingdom.
"Low-carbon building should enter the command of the overall urban planning, industrial emissions, not just Accessories." Ke said.
Building low-carbon city, definitely not a political task, but a responsibility
"Everyone wants to build low-carbon city is definitely a good thing, but do not put it as a political task, but also as a responsibility." As scholars of the earliest studies of low-carbon city, Jiang says more than once in the open to promote the significance of low-carbon cities where it is to create livable environment, ensure energy security, in the new energy economy after the realization of China's technological advantages.
The fact is, many local officials, the purpose of the construction of low-carbon city as a "service for the climate negotiations." In some workshops, some officials often borrow in the world climate talks in China on behalf of the General Assembly to speak on the word "common but differentiated responsibilities" as the opening.
According to informed sources, the National Development and Reform Commission has held a seminar to listen to some local person in charge of the estimated emission reduction targets. During the discussion, the representatives of the provinces are settled in other Xingfen represent the mainstream of emission reduction targets as a reference, some of the target increased from 30% 40%, and some from 50% to 45%. Eventually, almost all the convergence of views are represented at 45%, which is the upper limit of our commitment to emission reduction targets.
"Every city is different resource endowments, some of the city should be more aggressive in some cities are too radical, the lack of science!" One expert commented.
This year, Wang Ke, Guiyang City, where the research group to help develop an "action plan for low carbon development in Guiyang City." A developed city in the east at a planning seminar, Ke found that given the city's planning program, actually copied most of the action plan from the share of Guiyang. When the assessment is in the raised, Wang Ke states copied the nerve not only euphemistically said that according to the level of development of the city has "no need to extend the industrial chain to do further processing of the."
In Jiang says it seems, urban construction in power should change the thinking, "not a burden low-carbon, is wealth."
Last year, he went to Stockholm meeting. In the morning, he found a large number of people cycling to work spontaneously, had a two vehicle road into a bike path, also left the main bus. Jiang says can not help but pull out the camera captured the scene.
He told reporters that the ancient city from the 70's, each decision must be considered part of the environment and climate change. Stockholm has been achieved at present based on the 1990 25% of carbon dioxide emissions, and plans to become a zero carbon city by 2050.
Recently, one from Beijing to the outskirts of Huai Jiang says the county has attracted the attention of news. Mentioned in the news, a length of 4260 meters after the street reconstruction, roadway width of 24 meters, road quality greatly improved. Earlier this year, the city proposes to build new city in the economic development zone, fight the Chinese first zero carbon city.
"Too wide!" Jiang says shaking his head again and again, in his view, with a population of less than 20 million urban, building such a wide streets away is the "construction of the old Motor City."
November 29, reporters revisited this "zero-carbon town." In addition to an area of 7,000 square meters of the two eco-town planning hall, this radius of 6 square kilometers of land are still weeds have arisen.
The west side of the row of silver in the exhibition hall of the solar street light, the piece printed with "zero-carbon city" a huge walled word has quietly removed billboards.
